سوال

میرے والد فوج سے پنشن حاصل کر رہے تھے۔ ان کی وفات کے بعد، میں نے کافی محنت اور اپنے ذاتی پیسوں سے پنشن والدہ کے نام منتقل کروائی۔ یہ رقم فی ماہ 35,000 روپے ہے۔  پنشن والدہ کے نام پر ہے ۔کیا شرعی طور پر اس میں میرا بھی کوئی حق بنتا ہے؟

اَلجَوَابْ بِاسْمِ مُلْہِمِ الصَّوَابْ

مرحوم کی وفات کے بعدمحکمے کی طرف سےملنےوالی پنشن محکمےکی طرف سے عطیہ ہوتی ہےجوقبضہ کےساتھ ملکیت میں آتی ہے۔اس کا شرعاً حقدار وہی ہےجو قانوناً اس کا حقدار ہو۔اور پنشن کی قانونا حقدارملازم کی بیوہ اور اسکی نابالغ اولادہوتی ہے،اوراگریہ دونوں نہ ہوں تو بالغ اولاد چندشرائط وقیودکےساتھ ہوتی ہے،اگریہ بھی نہ ہوں توترتیب وار والد،والدہ،بھائی اورپھربہن چندشرائط وقیودکےساتھ حقدارہوتےہیں۔

 صورت مسئولہ  میں پنشن کی رقم  ملازم(آپ کے والد) کی نابالغ اولاد (اگرموجودہیں)اور ملازم کی بیوہ یعنی آپ کی والدہ صاحبہ  ہی کی ملکیت ہوگی اوراس میں وراثت جاری نہیں ہوگی۔

(بدائع الصنائع (127/6

"أما أصل الحكم فهو ثبوت الملك للموهوب له في الموهوب من غير عوض لأن الهبة تمليك العين من غير عوض فكان حكمها ملك الموهوب من غير عوض."

بدائع الصنائع (7/ 57)

الإرث إنما يجري في المتروك من ملك أو حق للمورث على ما قال عليه الصلاة والسلام من ترك مالا أو حقا فهو لورثته۔

'It is clearly a gift or a concession given by the government in order to maintain the widow or other members of the family of the deceased who on account of dependence upon him for their living would be hard hit by his death, it is not the right of the deceased, it is not therefore heritable.' (P.1.d.fsc 150,1981(

Landmark judgment reported as PLD 1991 SC 731, as under:-

Whether an employee dies while in service or dies after retirement, in both the situations there can be an occasion where he may not have received certain service benefit from his employer that had already become due for payment in his lifetime. Such unpaid service benefits shall invariably become part of the estate of the deceased employee and are to be distributed among all his heirs according to the personal law of the deceased employee. It matters not whether any of those service benefits fall under any of the two categories of benefits defined by Shariat Appellate Bench of the Honorable Supreme Court in PLD 1991 SC 731. The reason being that any of the two categories of service benefit upon their becoming due for payment in the lifetime of an employee but remained unpaid to him becomes part of his inheritance and thus inheritable by all his heirs according to their respective share in the estate left by the deceased. However, the service benefits that have accrued i.e. become due for payment after the death of the deceased employee need to be first classified on the basis of interpretation given in the case reported in PLD 1991 SC 731. If a service benefit is definable under the category of a “grant‟ or “concession‟ on the part of the employer and have accrued for payment after the death of the employee, then the same cannot be treated as part of the estate of the deceased employee. They can only to be paid to such persons who are made beneficiaries of such grant or concession under the rules and regulations of service or under any law. Any heir of the deceased employee, not being beneficiary of such grant or concession cannot claim any share in such benefits merely because he is also an heir of the deceased employee.

Federal government orders contained in Paras 8 (2) (i) to (vi) and Paras 8 (2) (b) (i) to (v) of Finance Division O.M.No. 1(13)-Reg. 6/83, dated 23-10-1983 (amended up to 19 June 2018 through Finance Division O.M. No.F.13(16)- Reg.6/2017-516) are as below:

In the following order the pension will be paid to the family members or dependent relatives of the deceased Government servant. a) Widow/ widows of the deceased or husband of the deceased. Pension is equally divided amongst the wives and children not exceeding four (excluding sons and daughters above the age of 21 years and the married daughters) Where the number of surviving widows and children is more than four, the pension will be divided in such a way the each surviving widow will get 1/4th of the pension and the balance if any, will be divided equally amongst the surviving children. b) Eldest surviving son up to age of 21 year. c) Eldest surviving unmarried daughter till her marriage. If she marries or dies the next eldest daughter d) Eldest widowed daughter e) Eldest widow of the deceased son of the Government servant f) Eldest surviving son up to the age of 21 years of a deceased son of the Government servant g) Eldest surviving un married daughter up to the age of 21 years of a deceased son of the Government servant h) Eldest widowed daughter of a deceased son of the Government servant.

Pension payable to other than family members

It is payable to the depended relatives of the deceased government servant in the following order. Father, mother, eldest surviving brother up to the age of 21 years .eldest surviving un married sister up to the age of 21 years and eldest surviving widowed sister.

The pension will be payable to one member at a time. When it is not payable to him/her due to any reason it will be paid to the next claimant in the order of eligibility.

https://www.fia.gov.pk/files/Pensionrules.pdf

https://www.glxspace.com/2022/03/22/pension-and-inheritance/